Rembrandt armenszoon Van Rijn) was born in Leiden is not far from Amsterdam. Rembrandt's father was a miller, mother's maiden is open a bakery.

Rembrandt, harman pine, the Vatican, reinhard (by Rembrandt armenszoon Van Rijn) was born in Leiden is not far from Amsterdam. Rembrandt's father was a miller, mother's maiden is open a bakery. Three years later, the reformation of more than 40 years of the republic of Spain and the Netherlands, war came to an end, the two sides signed a ceasefire agreement for 12 years. The republic of Netherlands along with young Rembrandt is bound to usher in their golden age. As a teenager, Rembrandt's Amsterdam gathered the European traders, by offering the explorers flocking to India to raise money and the colony of east India company established, they again from India to earn a steady stream of money back to Europe.
In this increasingly affluent republic general protestant, used to decorate luxurious palaces and richly churches needed large paintings are not popular, but still many painters of the customers. Wealthy businessman and a large number of rich middle class life, merchants and wealthy citizens are eager to buy oil painting decorate their homes and offices, don't let one side wall is empty. They regard buying art for granted, at the time of rich home alone often also set a showroom to display paintings and other works of art. Englishman, John, wrote: "here, the pictures are very common, there's not a business don't hang up the pictures." People can buy directly from the painter custom oil painting, can be ordered from HuaDian or buy at auction bidding, at the fair also has stalls selling paintings, in this situation. Close to the real life portraiture, popular genre painting, landscape painting, still lifes, become the main form of the Dutch art. 17 th-century Dutch generated a lot of the painter, the requirement of market and artists in the creation of style, genre, specialized subject.
Oil painting: toby and Anna, painter, Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
Oil painting: toby and Anna, painter, Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
Rembrandt's 14 years old to study law at Leiden university, and soon he found himself a lawyer, is not just drop out of school to learn painting. Rembrandt in the first place in the local famous painter Jacob van swan, Boolean hz (Jacob van Swanenburgh) studio to study for three years, after a certain painting foundation, went to Amsterdam, followed by Pieter DE la sterman (Pieter Lastman) learning painting techniques, learn the six months, just returned to the Leiden. Because Rembrandt started, order is not much, he teaches drawing money to open his studio in Leiden, at the same time to create. Rembrandt had as a teenager in Leiden Latin school of religion and interested in the bible, the first work is the bible story, effect under the influence of the teacher pulled sterman, background and bright, but the oil painting reproductions characters is Rembrandt, as strong as sculpture and some piao zhuo, toby, and Anna (Tobit and Anna), "balaam, and he asses" (Balam and His Donkey) is the representative work of this period.
After 1628, Rembrandt was interested in "light", caravaggio, the light and shade contrast method gave him a very deep influence. "The special tribute at the Temple" (the Presentation in the Temple) is the change and transition period, the characteristics of both two periods. Since then, the image contrast of Rembrandt began to grow up, it was the most distinctive Rembrandt paintings principle. Since then, Rembrandt can finally be universally admitted, he left to Amsterdam Leiden development, it is a commercial atmosphere of the city, Rembrandt, after contact the local dealers to paint a picture of a gorgeous dress, customers are very satisfied with, Rembrandt also busy day and night, so think to Italy to study is a waste of time.
Oil painting: Dr Toure's anatomy class, the painter: Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
Oil painting: Dr Toure's anatomy class, the painter: Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
Guild in 1632, Amsterdam and charities to decorate their conference hall, Rembrandt was invited to create The "Dr Toure's Anatomy class" (The Anatomy Lesson # of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp). In this painting, caravaggio type of light and shadow is applied astonishingly, this painting brought huge success to Rembrandt, made his reputation, one of the orders flowing, HuaJia is also rising.
Oil painting: with Mr. Zia's self-portrait, painter: Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
Oil painting: with Mr. Zia's self-portrait, painter: Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
Career on the right track of Rembrandt in his personal life is going well, two years later, in 1634, Rembrandt finally pursue to the noble young girl, zia and married, he wrote "with Mr Zia self-portrait" (by Rembrandt and Saskia in the Parable of the Prodigal Son). The next few years, Rembrandt painted many portraits of the zia, two people's love life is very good, but Mr Zia's physical condition is not optimistic, also suffered from lung disease, it is hard to cure the disease in damp the Netherlands. This time, Rembrandt became the darling of the fate, rich Rembrandt bought tight location of a person of extraordinary powers curtilage, and have a large collection of antiques and jewelry, he especially likes the ancient clothing and elegant small decorations, these are used as props when he painted.
From 1632 to 1642, Rembrandt enjoyed 10 years rich life smoothly.
Oil painting: night cruise, painter, Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
Oil painting: night cruise, painter, Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
In 1642, Amsterdam commissioned Rembrandt painted group portrait shooting hand board of trade. Group portrait was the prevalence of Dutch painting subjects, is by the guild group members raise money please painters paint collective like, hals and van DE hull, painted a similar theme. Rembrandt in the oil painting "the night tour" not let militia officers lined up as the passage or concentrated to the dinner table, but chose to portray them out of the armory at noon to go on duty. Rembrandt with several illuminated body is divided into several groups of them, some of whom were pushed to the background of dark tone, highlighted the anxiety of the scene atmosphere, causing dramatic deep space.
Here, stay out of Rembrandt's run out, he inherited and developed the caravaggio type of contrast in the light of aesthetic rules, dramatic performance on the progression and picture composition on rich matchless rhythm movement, his use of light to highlight the theme of the picture content, also let the shadow weakening and ablation of secondary factors, and use the intricate alternation of light and shade to show a deep space feeling. Ahead of many contemporary painter Rembrandt light is all realized on the basis of form and color, no light and you can't have the shape and color. After nearly 400 years, we can still in masterpiece "the night tour" and many other paintings in Rembrandt's colour like changes with the change of light, light on the object, coruscate gives glory, and flashing a bright colour.
Rude in 1642, however, the militiamen can't agree to this, they for the same money did not show the same face puzzled and anger. Don't out of the one hundred silver dollar is in order to make the painter draw a head, or being obscure half face? Someone even humorously said they pay but "made a vigorous shadow". Shooting hand association refused to accept the work, which in turn will Rembrandt to court, all these things, the public also Rembrandt have a nickname, "the prince of darkness". Since then, few people and groups to Rembrandt portrait, please. It never rains but it pours, Rembrandt's wife zia in the summer of that year died from lung disease, and it is soon after she just gave birth to a son. Before that, the couple already gave birth to three children and off the three children, the only son Rembrandt became only the comfort. There is no doubt that this year for a Rembrandt and a turning point in life, all this unfortunate for him, just the beginning of the long, bad luck, is also a Rembrandt's artistic value and the Dutch middle class interest between the beginning of irreconcilable conflict.
For drawing understanding deeply associated with the first die hard experience, make a Rembrandt painting style has changed. Rembrandt gradually abandoned the exquisite and smooth picture, begin to use thicker color shape object, cover with a transparent color to dye, makes the viscous oils to create a unique material and beautiful. Rembrandt's paintings are so wonderful picture texture, only the later Van Gogh (Van Gogh) and Freud (Lucian Freud) can match. But beyond the era aesthetic often cannot have qualified people, contemporaries saw the exquisite and smooth skin texture and elegant is tonal, on the colour of the turbidity Rembrandt and extensive brush is not very understanding, joke said Rembrandt's paintings can be by the nose.
Introspection and requirements that Rembrandt in art can't draw those who can make him quickly out of the picture, after losing his wife, Rembrandt and maid of poor food daily life live together, and gave birth to a daughter, to that end, he had been condemned by the church the "evil" of life, more no one to ask. Usury frequently visit Rembrandt once shiny big house. In 1657, desperate to cover the debt, we sell Rembrandt house furniture and paintings at a low price to sell.
Oil painting: danae, the painter: Rembrandt, the blessed one, lane
Oil painting: danae, the painter: Rembrandt, the blessed one, lane
Poor Rembrandt began to pay more attention to their own inner world, and various real side of people, the butcher, hutch niang, beggars, the lame, the blind, etc., often appear in his sketches. May be related to his early religious education, Rembrandt created a great number of works of religious subjects, he let these little people around him in ancient costumes and play the image of the bible and mythology. Botticelli, Raphael characters more robust and handsome, emphasizes the image of the beautiful, make public man's glamour, unlike Renaissance masters, Rembrandt tend to reality: "the Dana (Danae) chubby body is a strong country girl: for David king of Israel of the bath and pull ba (Bethsabee) is a figure in Rembrandt's middle-aged women; Wait for toby Sarah like a coarse hands rough feet maid; Ghani virtue (Ganymede) was caught by the eagle after crying while scared urination - the most childish and god's hand was still holding several cherry... Even in describing the work of the holy family Rembrandt are integrated into mundane details of family life, arrange a saint in a clean and simple Dutch families. All these myths and religious figures are no longer only beautiful or ideal image, they are specific of flesh and blood at the bottom of the people in Holland. Rembrandt was increasingly choose those who reflect deeply human subjects, polished his model, and then in the picture show their souls, Rembrandt in religious subjects into the passion of the father love, compassion, forgiveness, also had their own conviction.
Can't find the model, Rembrandt had to draw his son and daughter, friends and myself. Rembrandt is drawn people don't like the beautification, the more disgusted easel stood in front of being directed to paint, draw yourself and the people around you do not have to worry about is all kinds of requirements, can confidently draw by his idea. At present, can know is Rembrandt life drew more than 90 self-portrait, he likes to dress up yourself as a variety of roles, from the high-spirited youth to the romantic field prodigal, from the military uniform warriors to the Renaissance of courtier, from the rustic farmer to ancient saints of the east, Rembrandt meaningfully depicts different position and identity of oneself, until not satisfied life left a deep mark on his face. Rembrandt particularly interested in, to describe the old man drew many parents portrait of an early age. Perhaps from the old man's face is more likely to detect the world the vicissitudes of life and performance of deep humanity, in the face of those appearing in the wrinkled, and sorrow is helpless face, we really feel an unprecedented inner beauty, a deeply appreciate and contains the beauty of human nature - at this point, even Rubens or velazquez is also far less. More than 200 years after van gogh once said: "if you can let me stay for two weeks before these portraits of Rembrandt, I would even if there is no bread."
Rembrandt the final phase of his life can be used to describe the poor, but his artistic attainments are not understanding friend. 80 - year - old Hals (Hals) had friends found their own bizarre has told Rembrandt: "poverty is a painter is likely to encounter the best thing, because you are poor, you can't afford to buy your father when he was young afford to buy that expensive pigments, you must use only two or three cylinder cylinder of paint, and only at this time you learn to pick up the red yellow blue wait for primary colors for painting, color will you use to metaphor of things."
Oil painting: sampling officials, the painter: Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
Oil painting: sampling officials, the painter: Rembrandt, the Vatican, lane
In 1662, Rembrandt had received last order in life, for Amsterdam clother draw a portrait association. Cloth merchants in Amsterdam painter hesitant when thought of Rembrandt, Rembrandt and want to restore the picture themselves in the painting, he carefully wrote "the sampling officials" (Members of the DrapersClub), painting elaborate design the cloth business meeting scene, character is very confident. But the painting works did not get the favour of cloth merchants, they think themselves in the painting "is too general, and the position is not correct".
In 1668, and his wife only son Rembrandt mundus died of acute hemorrhage, a Rembrandt a serious illness. On October 4, 1669, Rembrandt's death in the poor and sick.
As vermeer's death in 1675, the Dutch painting of glorious era is over, for nearly two hundred years, Rembrandt's name just enjoy extensive reputation, he describes the realism of the profound psychological, his unique use of light and shade skill insurmountable peak is art history.
Rembrandt life left more than 600 paintings. More than 350 of etchings, more than 1500 drawings. Rembrandt's life ups and downs, experienced a brilliant painter desire for worldly achievements, but unlike most mediocre painter, Rembrandt for their choice in art always insist to follow their feelings, not to the secular interest concessions, it brought him a miserable life and have also brought his sublime artistic achievement.

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